Amplifier Fans

How do I keep my amplifier cool?

I have a pretty nice pioneer home theatre amp (not sure what model but doesnt matter) … we throw a lot of really big parties and Im having a tough time keeping it cool. It kills the sound when it overheats. Right now I have it sitting on a flat wooden shelf with a fan blowing full speed on it. I have a makeshift carboard deflector deflecting the cool air directly into the amp on the top. The case stays cold to the touch but still cuts out due to overload.

You should be able to crank it out at max volume for 45 years without overheating. There are ventilation holes in the cabinet. Those should not be blocked and should be several inches clearance around them in all directions for normal room air flow. Heat rises, so the top should be clear for at least a foot or more. You can blow a fan on the cabinet until hell freezes over, but if the air inside the cabinet can’t dissipate, then the components will overheat.

I don’t know if you’ve got a standard mono or 2-channel stereo amp, or if it’s a 5.1 or 7.1 channel amp, but it sound like you might have mixed and matched speakers which are not compatible. The amp is looking for a specific impedance out of each channel. If you’ve cascaded several speakers in parallel, you’ve effectively reduced the overall impedance, closely resembling a short. This causes the output drivers to operate VERY hot (and NO fan will change that) and the protective circuitry kicks in to keep them from blowing outright.

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The structure of an optical receiver is simple, consisting of a photodiode to produce only electrical power and an amplifier. But do not be fooled: it is much more complex receiver design very high optical performance. So let's talk about some of the criteria for real receivers.

He is a lot of factors involved in the process. You have to take into account the noise of the current signal, the noise of the photodiode as an avalanche diode, noise electronics amplification, thermal noise, dark current and signal / noise for high data bit rate.

How to choose the photodiode correct?

Two main types of photodiodes are commercially available for optical receiver applications: PIN photodiode and avalanche photodiode.

PIN Photodiode

Photodiode PIN diode is an extension of PN. But PN diode has many fundamental flaws. PN diode has too small depletion region makes the received optical power must be high enough to generate sufficient current. The second flaw is the slow response of PN diode applications limited to kilohertz.

PIN photodiode solve these limitations PN diode. The depletion region has become as big as possible and most of the photons absorbed within the region exhaustion. And the inclusion of the intrinsic layer decreases the ability of the function increases the switching speed and area of capture of photons.

The benefit of improved design is more efficient opto-electro conversion and faster speed.

Avalanche photodiode (APD)

In a PIN photodiode, each absorbed photon produces an electron hole pair that provides an electron flowing in the external circuit.

But in a photodiode avalanche, a few photons incident resulted in many airlines are taking place and an external current increased. How does an avalanche diode accomplish this?

It is produced by the phenomenon called avalanche multiplication. What this does is a strong electric field accelerates both the current carriers valence electrons that strike the semiconductor and network with a sufficiently high bias voltage an avalanche of companies will result.

While these are good, there is also a dark side to this. While carriers are amplified, the uneven nature of the multiplication introduces noise as well.

In conclusion, despite the avalanche photodiode is nonlinear and rather unstable, which are very similar to normal silicon photodiodes except that require a voltage slightly smaller operation to achieve good multiplication.

Other critical performance parameters for a photodiode

To reference, some of the most important parameters are listed below.

Responsiveness

Photodiode responsivity is the relationship generated power to the power of the incident light. This is expressed in amps / Watt. Sometimes this is also known as the quantum efficiency.

Dark current

Dark current is the current produced by the photodiode when no light is incident. The dark current includes current generated by background radiation and the saturation current semiconductor junction. The dark current is a source of noise when used in optical communication systems.

Noise-equivalent power

Equivalent noise power is the minimum optical input power required to generate photocurrent. This equates to effective noise power bandwidth of 1Hz.

About the Author:

Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic communication technologies and products. Learn about
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,
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on Fiber Optics For Sale Co. web site.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – How to Design a High Performance Optical Receiver?