Detection Device
Detection Device How to use radiation detection devices? When you are surveying for a source of radiation, it helps to know what kind of radiation it is emitting. Most unstable radionuclides emit...
Detection Device

How to use radiation detection devices?
When you are surveying for a source of radiation, it helps to know what kind of radiation it is emitting. Most unstable radionuclides emit gamma rays as well as particulate so we can begin with that.
Gamma rays are best spotted with a detector that has a high atomic number. A gamma scintillator like NaI is one of the most sensitive. The high atomic number means more of the gamma rays are stopped.
Geiger-Mueller counters are gas filled detectors and may also be used as long as you have a bit of metal tubing around them so the gamma strikes them first to create a shower of electrons in the detector.
You should take care to survey in a 360 degree arc to make sure that you are locating the direction of the radiation. Also survey not just at waist level. Some sources may be coming from above or below you.
To survey for an beta emitting source, you must use a thin window detector. Usually we use a Geiger-Mueller detector with a large thin window (a pancake probe). Here you must be close to the source because betas travel only a few feet in air and are easily shielded by water and dirt. Cloth wipes of surfaces can be taken and then held up to the detector to check for removable contamination.
Alpha radiation with no associated gamma is a very difficult problem. You must survey within an inch. The best survey instruments are usually alpha scintillators like ZnS. A big problem is that you can either contaminate or damage your probe while surveying for the radiation.
Some detectors useful on humans include gas-filled proportional counters that can see beta and alpha radiation. They have thin windows that can allow the alpha to penetrate. The problem they have, besides breaking the window, is that natural alpha from radon (a uranium daughter found in soil) confuses the counter into thinking there is contamination of a different source.
To search for very low energy betas, for example from tritium (hydrogen-3), liquid scintillation is used. Here the sample is usually water and a small bit of it is mixed with the actual detector fluid. The flash of light in the fluid corresponds to the amount of radiation in the sample. The light, as in all scintillation detectors, is picked up by photomultiplier tubes and relayed to a counter.
Hope this helps.
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If you're like many people who do not enjoy getting stopped by a police officer. One of the main reasons being pulled over for speeding. Agents police use radar guns to detect the speed of the cars and keep us with the speed limit. They are trying to keep the roads safe for us, but nobody likes to receive an expensive speeding ticket. Many people have chosen to get radar detectors to help alert a police officer. Although many people have these radar detectors not many understand how they work.
The first type of radar available to police officers uses radio waves. This type of radar sends radio waves to the target and back. Since radio waves move at a constant speed, the radar can determine to what extent the objective is based on the time takes to the waves to return. When the target is moving there is a change in frequency is detected by the radar and becomes mph. Sounds like a lot of work, especially when one considers how quickly it all done. The moment you see the possibilities of police officer who already know how fast you go and can pull you over.
The second type of radar gun available to police officers use laser beams. This type of radar is used the amount of time it takes to get the infrared light from radar to the car and re-measured speed. Once the radar know the amount of time it takes light to return is multiplied by the speed of light. Since this radar can send multiple beams of light at various distances is easy for him to determine how quickly it will compare your speed with the other objects. This radar can detect that from farther away, and that uses such a concentrated beam of light.
By investing in a radar detector has a couple of options available. You were only be able to get radar detectors to alert the user when he heard the radio waves from the police radar. Now you can buy the detectors have also a panel light sensitive detecting laser radar is becoming increasingly popular. The only problem is that since the light beam for use of police officers is so focused, even with a detector is still easy to get caught speeding. At the time of its radar detects the light from the radar of officers already in sight of their radar and therefore much longer burst.
Now you can also purchase radar detectors not only detect the signal from the officer, but also jam. When the detector receives a signal from the radar gun the police are mixed with radio noise and confuse other radar officers. This confusion prevents the officer to obtain a accurate reading of speed. For the laser radar detector is about the same. The difference with the laser detector is that a beam of light from his own official radar. This also causes the receiver to be confused, because it can not recognize its beam of light and prevents the radar to get a correct reading.
About the Author:
Gregg Hall is an author living in Navarre Florida. Find more about this as well as
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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – How The Radar Speed Detection Devices Actually Work