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Function key

For other uses of this article by adding reliable references. reference material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)
A key feature is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or program application to perform certain actions. On some keyboards and computers, function keys have default on boot.
A 102-key PC U.S. English layout with the function keys in orange.
The function keys on a terminal may either generate short fixed sequences of characters, often begin with the escape character (ASCII 27) or the characters they generate may be configured by sending special character sequences to the terminal. In a standard computer keyboard, function keys may generate a fixed code, one byte, outside the normal ASCII range, which translates into a sequence configurable others the keyboard device driver or analyzed directly by the application program. The function keys can have (the symbol of) default actions printed on / them instead of, or may have the more common "F number" designations.
Function key schemes different computer keyboards
Apple Macintosh: Early compatible with Mac OS system extensions generally known as the FKEYS that might be installed on the file system and can be accessed with a Command + Shift + (number) combination of keys (Command-Shift-3 was the screen capture feature that includes the system and was installed as a FKEY) however, the early Macintosh keyboards not support numbered keys on the normal sense. Since the introduction of Apple Keyboard expanded with the Macintosh II, however, the keyboard function keys have been available, but did not become standard until the mid-1990s. They have not traditionally been part important part of the Mac user interface, however, and usually only used in multi-platform programs. Current Mac keyboards include keys for specialized functions sound volume control. The most recent Mac keyboards include 19 function keys, but keys F1-F4 and F7-F12 by default control features such as volume, media control and Expos.
Apple Macintosh notebooks: function keys were not standard on Apple notebook hardware, until the introduction of PowerBook 5300 and PowerBook 190. For the most part, Mac laptops have keys F1 to F12, with pre-defined actions for some, including volume control sound and screen brightness.
Apricot PC / Xi: six unlabelled keys, each with an LED that illuminates his side when the key can be used above the keys is a liquid crystal displayhe microscreen'hat 'is used by programs to display the action performed by the key.
Atari 8-bit family (400/800/XL/XE): four dedicated keys (Reset, Option, Select, Start) on the right hand or on the top of the keyboard; XL models also had a Help key. Atari 1200XL was four additional keys labeled F1 through F4 with pre-defined actions, mainly related to the movement of the cursor.
Atari ST: ten keys in the form of a parallelogram in a row horizontally at the top of the keyboard located under keyboard instead of appearing as normal keys.
BBC Micro: red / orange keys F0 to F9 in a horizontal row above the number keys on the top of the computer and keyboard. The break, the arrow keys and the copy could function as F10-F15.
Coleco Adam: six dark brown buttons in a horizontal row above the numeric keys, with Roman numerals I-VI.
Commodore VIC-20 and C64: F7/F8 to F1/F2 in a row vertical four keys ascending downwards on the computer and the keyboard 's right hand, odd functions accessed unshifted, even delayed numbered orange beige / brown, gray or key, VIC/64 model / revision.
Commodore 128: VIC-20/C64 basically the same, but with (gray) function keys placed in a horizontal row above the right of the QWERTY keypad on the main-Help was also key.
Commodore Amiga keys: ten keys arranged in a row of two groups of five-key at the top of the keyboard (flush with the ordinary keyboard top row); function are 1 times the width of normal keys. Like the Commodore 128, this also had a Help key.
Graphing calculators, including Texas Instruments, Hewlett-Packard and Casio, usually includes a row of keys function with several pre-assigned functions (in a standard handheld calculator, it would be the first row of buttons below the screen). In the low-end models such as IT-83-series, these function mainly as an extension of the main keyboard, but in high-end calculators change the mode functions, sometimes acting as buttons Menu navigation as well.
HP 2640 series terminals: first known instanceate 1970sf screen labeled function keys (where the keys are placed in proximity or labels assigned to the CRT or LCD).
HP 9830: F18 in two rows of four in the upper left with paper template label. Also HP 2640 terminals. An early use of the function keys (1972).
IBM 3270: early models had 12 function keys in a matrix of 34 to the right of the keyboard, later 24 in two rows at the top of the keyboard.
IBM 5250: early models often had a "cmd" key amendment, by the row number keys emulate the function keys, the later models have either 12 function keys in groups of four (with keys resides as the F13-F24) or 24 in two rows. These keys, along with "Enter", "Help," and several others, generate "aid code", informing the host computer the data entered by the user is ready to be read.
IBM PC AT and PS / 2 keyboard: F1 to F12 usually in three groups of four keys on the top of the keyboard (The original IBM PC and PC XT keyboards had function keys F1 to F10, in two horizontal rows on the left, F2 | F1, F3 F4 |, …, F9 | F10, low lift). Many modern PC keyboard also includes dedicated keys for multimedia applications and operating system functions.
MCK-142 Pro: two sets of function keys F112, 1 above QWERTY and one to the left. In addition, 24 additional users programmable PF keys located above QWERTY keys.
Sharp MZ-700: F1-F5 keys on a blue horizontal row at the top left of the keyboard, the keys are vertically half the size of ordinary keys and twice the width, there is also a dedicated slot "For variable key legend overlays (paper or plastic) above the row of the key role.
VT-100 terminals, four function keys (PF1, [Alt discuss] doubtful help PF2,; menu PF3,, PF4, Shell escape) above the keypad.
Action keys for different programs, Operating Systems
In Mac OS to Mac OS 9, the function keys can be configured by the user, the control panel function keys to initiate a program or run an AppleScript. Mac OS X assigns default functionality to F9, F10, and F11 (Expos), F12 (Dashboard), and F14/F15 (decrease or increase contrast). In the new Apple laptops, all function keys are assigned basic actions such as volume control, brightness control, NumLock (since the laptops lack a keyboard), and Eject. software functions can be used by holding down the Fn key while pressing the appropriate function, and this plan can be reversed by changing the preferences of Mac OS X.
In MS-DOS, each program can decide what each function key meant to them, and the command line has its own actions (eg, F3 copy in the current system command command words above.) Following the IBM Common User Access guidelines, the F1 key became gradually universally associated with Help in earlier Windows programs. To date, Microsoft Office programs running in Windows list F1 as the key to Help on the Help menu. Internet Explorer on Windows does not display this combination of keys on the help menu, but still responds with a help window. F3 is commonly used to activate a search function in applications, often cycling through successive pulses results in the key. Shift + F3 is often used to search backward. Some applications like Visual Studio support Ctrl + F3 as a search highlighted text elsewhere in a document. F5 is also commonly used as an upgrade key in many web browsers and other applications, while F11 activates the full screen / kiosk mode in most browsers. In the environment Windows, Alt + F4 key is commonly used to exit or close parts of an application. General F10 activates the menu bar, Shift + F10 while a menu is activated contextual. F2 is used in Windows Explorer, Visual Studio and other programs to rename files or other items.
F4 is used in some applications to make the window "Fit". [Citation needed]. In Microsoft Internet Explorer, which is used to view the list of URLs of web sites previously visited.
Other allocations key feature common to all Microsoft Office applications are: F7 to check spelling, Alt + F8 to call the macros dialog, Alt + F11 to call the Editor Visual Basic and Shift + Alt + F11 to call the Script Editor. In Microsoft Word, Shift + F1 reveals format. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show, and F6 moves to the next panel.
WordPerfect for DOS is an example of a program that makes extensive use of function keys.
Function keys are also widely used at the interface of the BIOS. In general, during the ignition test, the BIOS access can be obtained by pressing a function key or the delete key. In the BIOS key may have different effects depending on the BIOS. However, F10 is the de facto standard to save and exit, which saves all changes and restart the system.
References
^ Turn-UX Administration Guide: for HP-UX 11i and 11.00, Appendix D (keyboard shortcuts for Terminal Server), keyboard navigation Advanced.
IBM / Windows keyboard (U.S. layout)
EV
Esc
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
PrtSc /
SysRq
ScrLk
Pause /
Break
Ins
Home
PgUp
Num Lock
/
*
–
Del
End
PgDn
7
8
9
+
4
5
6
1
2
3
Ent
0
.
EV
Keyboard keys
Dead keys
Compose
The modifier keys
Control Shift Alt / Option (Apple) AltGr Command / Meta (Apple / MIT / Sun keyboards) Windows Super Hyper X Fn (compact keyboards)
Keyguard
Scroll Lock Num Lock Caps Lock
Navigation
Arrow Page Up / Page Down Home / End
Edition
Return / Enter Backspace Insert Delete Tab Space bar
Misc.
Application System / Print screen Break / Pause Escape Menu Numeric keypad Function Power management (Power, Sleep, Wake) Language input Any key Macro
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